Deformation usually begins just after birth for the next
couple of years until the desired shape has been reached or the child rejects
the apparatus (Dingwall, 1931; Trinkaus, 1982; Anton and Weinstein, 1999).
There is no established classification system of cranial
deformations. Many scientists have developed their own classification systems,
but none have agreed on a single classification for all forms that are seen
In Europe and Asia, three main types of artificial cranial
deformation have been defined by E.V. Zhirov
- Round
- Fronto-occipital
- Sagittal.
Cranial deformation was probably performed to signify group
affiliation, or to demonstrate social status. This may have played a key role
in Maya society. It could be aimed at creating a skull shape which is
aesthetically more pleasing or associated with desirable attributes. For
example, in the Nahai-speaking area of Tomman Island and the south
south-western Malakulan (Australasia), a person with an elongated head is
thought to be more intelligent, of higher status, and closer to the world of
the spirits
